美联储发布公开市场委员会声明

2022 年 3 月 16 日美国东部时间下午 2:00 发布 附原文对照

经济活动和就业指标继续走强。近几个月就业增长强劲，失业率大幅下降。通货膨胀仍然居高不下，反映出与大流行、能源价格上涨和更广泛的价格压力相关的供需失衡。

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

俄罗斯入侵乌克兰正在造成巨大的人力和经济困难。对美国经济的影响是高度不确定的，但在短期内，入侵和相关事件可能会对通胀造成额外的上行压力，并对经济活动造成压力。

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

委员会寻求在长期内以 2% 的速度实现最大的就业和通货膨胀。随着货币政策立场的适当坚定，委员会预计通胀将回到 2% 的目标，劳动力市场将保持强劲。为支持这些目标，委员会决定将联邦基金利率的目标区间上调至 1/4% 至 1/2%，并预计目标区间的持续上调将是适当的。此外，委员会预计将在即将召开的会议上开始减持美国国债、机构债务和机构抵押贷款支持证券。

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

在评估货币政策的适当立场时，委员会将继续监测即将发布的信息对经济前景的影响。如果出现可能阻碍委员会目标实现的风险，委员会将准备适当调整货币政策立场。委员会的评估将考虑广泛的信息，包括关于公共卫生、劳动力市场状况、通胀压力和通胀预期以及金融和国际发展的读数。

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

投票支持货币政策行动的是主席杰罗姆·H·鲍威尔；约翰·C·威廉姆斯，副主席；米歇尔·W·鲍曼；莱尔·布雷纳德；埃丝特·L·乔治；帕特里克·哈克；洛雷塔·J·梅斯特；和克里斯托弗·J·沃勒。投票反对这一行动的是詹姆斯布拉德，他在这次会议上倾向于将联邦基金利率的目标范围提高 0.5 个百分点至 1/2 至 3/4%。帕特里克·哈克在本次会议上作为候补成员投票。

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.